À´Ô´_ïÇÚ²ÆÎñ ·¢²¼ÈÕÆÚ:2024Äê01ÔÂ16ÈÕ
¹ºÂòÉ豸µÄÔËÊä·ÑÈçºÎ×öÕË£¿
ÎÊÌ⣺·¢Æ±Èôδ°´¹æ¶¨¼Ó¸Ç£¬»áÓÐÔõÑùµÄÓ°Ï죿»Ø´ð£º¸ù¾Ý¡¶·¢Æ±¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·£¨¹úÎñÔºÁîµÚ587ºÅ£©µÚÈýÊ®ÎåÌõ¹æ¶¨£¬Î´¼Ó¸Ç·¢Æ±×¨ÓÃÕµģ¬ÓÉË°Îñ»ú¹ØÔðÁî¸ÄÕý£¬¿ÉÒÔ´¦1ÍòÔªÒÔϵķ£¿î£¬ÓÐÎ¥·¨ËùµÃµÄÓèÒÔûÊÕ¡££¨µã»÷ͼƬ¼´¿É±¨Ãû£©»¹Ïëѧϰ¸ü¶à֪ʶÂ𣿿ìÀ´¿´½²½âµÄ°É£¡Ô¬½ÈªÀÏʦ£º×¢²á»á¼Æʦ¡¢Ä³Ñ§Ôº½²Ê¦£¬ÓµÓÐÑëÆó¡¢¹úÆó¡¢Ë½Æó20+Äê»á¼Æ´ÓÒµ¾Ñ飬ÀúÈÎË°Îñ¾Àí¡¢²ÆÎñ¾Àí¡¢²ÆÎñ×ܼࡣÏÖÈζà¼Ò˽Ӫ¼¯ÍÅÆóÒµ²ÆÎñ¹ÜÀí¹ËÎÊ¡¢Ë°Îñ²ß»®×¨¼Ò£»¶Ô·¿µØ²úÒµ¡¢½¨ÖþÒµ¡¢ÖÆÔìÒµ²ÆÎñ»á¼Æ¹ÜÀí¡¢ÄÉË°³ï»®Óо«ÉîÑо¿£¬ÊµÕ½¾Ñé·á¸»¡£ÀíÂÛ½²Êö¼òÃ÷¶óÒª¡¢Ö±Ö¸Êµ¼Ê¹¤×÷£»°¸ÀýʵÎñ´Ó½¨ÕË¡¢¼ÇÕË¡¢½áÕË¡¢ÄÉË°É걨£¬Ö±ÖÁ²ÆÎñ·ÖÎö»ã±¨¡¢²ÆÎñÈ«ÃæÔ¤Ëã¼°¹Ü¿Ø£»¼´½²Êö·¨¹æÒÀ¾Ý¡¢ÓÖ½²ÊöÈËÓëÈ˵IJ©ÞÄ¡¢»á¼Æ¼°¸÷·½ÔðÈεÄÈçºÎ½âÍÑ£»´Ó³öÄɵ½²ÆÎñ¾ÀíÈ«¹¤×÷¸ÚλµÄÈ«³Ì¶¯ÊÖÇ¿»¯ÑµÁ·£¬È·±£´òÔìÖÆÔìÒµ³¬Ç¿²ÆÎñ¾Àí¡£¸ü¶à¸÷ÐÐÒµµÄ½úÉý¾Ñ飬˰Îñ֪ʶ£¬ÕËÎñ´¦Àí£¬ÌìÌì¿É¿´£¨ÌýÖ±²¥£¬Á¢Áì´ú½ðȯ£¬×î¸ß¿ÉÁì100Ôª£¡£©£¬¾ªÏ²¶à¶à£¡¾¡ÔÚ ¿É¿ªËÞס,²ÍÒû,µÈ·¢Æ±Ð£-¿ª·Å¿ÎÌ㬠¸ÇµÄ·¢Æ±×¨ÓÃÕºÍÏúÊÛ·½Ãû³Æ²»Ò»Ö£¬¸Ã·¢Æ±Ò»¶¨ÓÐÎÊÌ⣿
ÂÛÎÄÕªÒª£º2005Ä꣬˰Îñ×ܾÖÕýʽÏ·¢ÁË¡¶¡·£¨¹úË°·¢¡²2005¡³40ºÅ£©£¬±êÖ¾×ÅÎÒ¹úеÄË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶÈÕýʽÔËÐС£Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶÈÊÇָ˰Îñ»ú¹Ø¸ù¾ÝË°ÊÕÕ÷¹Ü¹¤×÷µÄÐèÒª£¬Ã÷È·¸ÚλְÔð£¬Âäʵ¹ÜÀíÔðÈΣ¬¹æ·¶Ë°ÎñÈËÔ±ÐÐΪ£¬´Ù½øË°Ô´¹ÜÀí£¬ÓÅ»¯ÄÉË°·þÎñµÄ»ù´¡¹¤×÷Öƶȡ£±¾ÎÄ´ÓË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶȵÄÓÉÀ´Ì¸Æ𣬽áºÏʵ¼Ê¹¤×÷£¬Õë¶ÔÄ¿Ç°Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹¤×÷ÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌ⣬¾ÍÈçºÎÌá¸ßË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀíˮƽ£¬¸üºÃµØ·¢»ÓÆäÔÚË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÖеÄÖ÷¹ÛÄܶ¯ÐÔ·½ÃæÌá³öÁ˽¨Ò顣ʹ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚ Ç¿»¯Ë°Ô´¹ÜÀí¡¢ÓÅ»¯ÄÉË°·þÎñ µÄʵ¼ùÖУ¬°Ñ ¿Æѧ»¯¡¢¾«Ï¸»¯ ¹ÜÀíÂ䵽ʵ´¦¡£ÊµÏÖ¹ÜÊÂÓëºÍ¹Ü»§µÄе÷ͳһ¡£ 1 Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÖеÄÖ÷µ¼×÷Óà ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÊÇËæ×ÅÎÒ¹úË°ÖƸĸïºÍ¾¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬ÓÉË°ÊÕר¹ÜÔ±ÑÝ»¯¶øÀ´µÄ£¬µ«²»Êǹýȥ˰ÊÕר¹ÜÔ±µÄ¼òµ¥»Ø¹é£¬²»ÊÇ ´©ÐÂЬ¡¢×ßÀÏ· £¬ËüÊǶÔר¹ÜÔ±µÄÑïÆú¡£ Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÔÚÊг¡¾¼ÃÌõ¼þÏ£¬¾¼Ã³É·Ö¶àÑù»¯ºÍ¾¼ÃÀûÒ渴ÔÓ»¯£¬Ë°Ô´µÄ¼±¾çÀ©´óºÍË°Ô´×´¿öµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ¾ö¶¨ÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±²»¿ÉÄÜÏñר¹ÜÔ±ÄÇÑù¸÷˰ͳ¹Ü£¬±ØÐëÓзֹ¤ÓÐÐ×÷²ÅÄܸüºÃµØÍê³ÉË°ÊÕÕ÷ÊÕ¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷£¬¶øË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Öƶȱ¾Éí¾ÍÊÇΪÁËÇ¿»¯Ë°Ô´¹ÜÀíµÄÒ»Ïî¾Ù´ë¡£ÒÔÇ°£¬×¨¹ÜÔ±Ö»Òª´ø¼¸ÕÅ¿¨Æ¬£¬Ò»Ö§±Ê¾ÍÄܲɼ¯µ½ÄÉË°È˵ĸ÷Ïî×ÊÁÏ£¬Ë°Ô´ÐÅÏ¢µÄÕûÀíͨ¹ýÊÖ¹¤Ò²´ó¶¼Äܹ»Íê³É£¬¶øÏÖÔÚÕ⼸ºõÊDz»¿ÉÄܵÄÊ¡£ÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõºÍÍøÂç¼¼ÊõµÄ¹ã·ºÔËÓ㬰ÑË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±´Ó´óÁ¿Öظ´µÄÊÖ¹¤²Ù×÷Öнâ·Å³öÀ´£¬×ÊÔ´¹²Ïí¡¢Êý¾Ý·ÖÎöÌá¸ßÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀíˮƽºÍЧÂÊ£¬Ê¹µÃ ¿Æѧ»¯¡¢¾«Ï¸»¯ ¹ÜÀí³ÉΪ¿ÉÄÜ¡£ Æä´Î£¬Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶȶÔË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÆðµ½ÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄ´Ù½ø×÷Óã¬ÕâÊÇר¹ÜÔ±ÖƶÈÌõ¼þÏ£¬×¨¹ÜÔ±Ëù²»¿ÉÄÜʵÏֵġ£Ò»·½Ã棬˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÕÆÎÕ×ÅÄÉË°È˵ĵÚÒ»ÊÖ×ÊÁÏÐÅÏ¢£¬Á˽âË°ÎñµÇ¼ÇÊÂÏîµÄÕæʵÐÔºÍÉæË°ÐÅÏ¢µÄ±ä»¯£¬ÔÚÈË»ú½áºÏµÄË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÌåϵÏ£¬°Ñ×îÕæµÄ¡¢×îÈ«µÄ¡¢×îеġ¢×îÓÐÓõÄÐÅϢ¼ÈëµçÄÔÍøÂ磬ΪÒÔºó¸÷ÏîË°ÊÕ¹¤×÷´òϼáʵµÄÐÅÏ¢»ù´¡£¬³ä·Ö·¢»ÓË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚË°Ô´¹ÜÀí·½ÃæµÄ»ý¼«×÷Óã¬Ìá¸ßÉæË°ÐÅÏ¢µÄ׼ȷÐÔ¡£ 2 Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÊÇÁªÏµÕ÷ÄÉË«·½µÄÇÅÁººÍŦ´ø£¬³ä·Ö·¢»ÓÆäÖ÷¹ÛÄܶ¯ÐÔÊÇ×¥ºÃË°Ô´¹ÜÀíµÄ¹Ø¼ü¡£ÂäʵºÃË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Öƶȣ¬¶ÔÓÚÔö¼ÓË°ÊÕÊÕÈ롢ǿ»¯Ë°Ô´¹ÜÀí¡¢Ìá¸ßÄÉË°·þÎñˮƽ¡¢ÓÅ»¯ÄÉË°»·¾³¡¢Ìá¸ßÕ÷¹ÜÖÊÁ¿ºÍЧÂÊ¡¢½µµÍÕ÷¹Ü³É±¾µÈ·½ÃæÆðµ½ÁË»ý¼«×÷Ó㬵«ÔÚʵ¼Ê¹¤×÷ÖÐÒ²²»¿É±ÜÃâµØ´æÔÚÎÊÌ⣬ÌرðÊÇÔÚ·¢»ÓË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Ö÷¶¯ÐÔ·½ÃæÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÖÆÔ¼¡£ 2.1 Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Öƶȱ¾Éí´æÔÚµÄȱÏÝÊø¸¿ÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÊֽŠ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶÈÊôÓÚ²¿ÃŹæÕ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÖƶ¨ÉÏ£¬È±·¦¿É¿¿µÄ·¨ÂÉÒÀ¾Ý¡£×÷ΪÖƶ¨ÒÀ¾ÝÖ®Ò»µÄ¡¶¡·(¹úË°·¢(2004) 108ºÅ)£¬±¾ÉíÊôÓÚ²¿ÃŹæÕ£¬ÔÚÁ¢·¨²ã´ÎÉϲ»ÄÜ×÷Ϊ¡¶Öƶȡ·µÄÖƶ¨ÒÀ¾Ý¡£ÁíÒ»Öƶ¨ÒÀ¾Ý¡¶¡··ûºÏÁ¢·¨²ã´ÎµÄÖƶ¨ÒÀ¾ÝÒªÇ󣬵«´ÓÄÚÈÝÉÏûÓн¨Á¢Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶȵÄÏà¹ØÌõ¿î¡£Ò²Ã»ÓжÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÄÉË°¸¨µ¼¡¢ÆÀ¹À¡¢×ÉѯµÈ»î¶¯ÐÔÖʵĽ綨£¬²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹¤×÷µÄÐÐÕþÖ´·¨»î¶¯µÄÐÔÖÊ,²»·ûºÏ·¨¶¨Ö÷ÒåµÄÔÔò¡£ÁíÍâ,¡¶Öƶȡ·¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÖ°ÔðºÍȨÏ޵Ĺ涨²»¾¡ºÏÀí,¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÖ°Ôð¹æ¶¨¹ýÓÚ½©»¯£¬¹ý·ÖµØÏÞÖÆÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄȨÁ¦£¬Êø¸¿Á˹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÊֽţ¬Ó°ÏìÁ˹ÜÀíµÄЧÂÊ¡£¶ÔÓÚË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚË°ÊÕÈÕ³£ÄÉË°·þÎñ¡¢ÄÉË°ÆÀ¹À¡¢ÈÕ³£¹ÜÀí¡¢Ï»§µ÷²éµÈ¹ÜÀí»î¶¯ÖУ¬ÈçºÎÐÐʹ¡¶¡·¼°¡¶¡·£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÈçºÎÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÈ¡Ë°ÊÕ±£È«ºÍÇ¿ÖÆÖ´ÐдëÊ©£¬ÊµÊ©µ±³¡´¦·£µÈ¶¼Ã»ÓÐ×÷³öÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨£¬Ê¹Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÈÕ³£¹ÜÀí»î¶¯Ë°ÊÕÖ´·¨µÄ¸ÕÐÔ²»Ç¿£¬ÑÏÖØÓ°ÏìÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷»ý¼«ÐÔ¡£ 2.2 Ë°ÊÕÕ÷ÊÕģʽÓëË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶÈÖ®¼äµÄì¶Ü£¬Ôì³É¸Úλ¼äÏνӲ»³©£¬´ìÉËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷»ý¼«ÐÔ ÎÒ¹úÏÖÐеÄÕ÷¹Üģʽ£¬ÊµÐеÄÕ÷ÊÕ¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢»ü²éÈý·ÖÀ룬ÕâÓ롶¡·µÚʮһÌõ¹ØÓÚ Ë°Îñ»ú¹Ø¸ºÔðÕ÷ÊÕ¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢»ü²é¡¢ÐÐÕþ¸´ÒéµÄÈËÔ±µÄÖ°ÔðÓ¦µ±Ã÷È·£¬²¢Ï໥·ÖÀë¡¢Ï໥ÖÆÔ¼¡£ µÄ¹æ¶¨Ïà·û£¬Ä¿µÄ¾ÍÊÇʵÏÖË°Îñ»ú¹ØÄÚ²¿¸÷Ö°Äܲ¿ÃÅÖ®¼äµÄ¿Æѧ»¯¡¢¾«Ï¸»¯¡¢ÏµÍ³»¯·Ö¹¤£¬ÐγÉË°ÊÕÕ÷ÊÕ¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢»ü²é¸÷˾ÆäÖ°£¬Ï໥е÷£¬Ï໥´Ù½øµÄͳһÕûÌ壬µ«ÔÚʵ¼ùÖÐÍùÍùÊǹ¤×÷¸÷¸É¸÷µÄ£¬µ«¸Úλ֮¼äÏνÓÈ´¸ú²»ÉÏ£¬ÔÚÄÚ²¿¹¤×÷ÏνÓÉÏȱÉÙÒ»ÕûÌ×ÐÐÖ®ÓÐЧµÄ¹¤×÷ÏνÓÖƶȣ¬½µµÍÁËÕ÷¹Ü¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ¡£ÔÚÐèÒª¹¤×÷ÏνӻòÉÔÓÐÖ°Ô𽻲棬ÍùÍù»¥ÏàÍÆÚã¬ÑÏÖØʱ¾Í»á³öÏÖ¹ÜÀíÉϵÄ©¶´£¬ÊÜÔðÈÎ×·¾¿µÄÍùÍùÊÇË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±£¬¼ÈÓ°ÏìË°ÊÕÖ´·¨µÄÑÏËàÐԺ͹¤×÷ЧÂÊ£¬ÓÖ´ìÉËÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹¤×÷»ý¼«ÐÔ¡£ 2.3 Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Á¦Á¿±¡Èõ¡¢ËØÖʲ»¸ß£¬Ó°ÏìË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÖÊÁ¿ Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Á¦Á¿±¡ÈõÖ÷Òª±íÏÖΪ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÊÂÎñÐÔ¹¤×÷Ì«¶à£¬²»ÄÜÒÔÈ«²¿¾«Á¦ÂÄÐÐÇ¿»¯Ë°Ô´¹ÜÀíµÄÖ°Ôð¡£Ò»ÊÇË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÈÕ³£¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷½ÏΪ·±ÔÓ£¬¹¤×÷Á¿´ó£¬ÄÑÒÔÔÚË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÕâÒ»Ï×÷Éϼ¯ÖÐÌ«¶à¾«Á¦¡£¶þÊÇÊÜ´«Í³µÄ ±£Ä· ʽµÄר¹ÜÔ±ÖƶȵÄÓ°Ï죬ÄÉË°ÈËÎʼ°ÉæË°ÊÂÒË£¬¶¼Ö±½ÓÕҹܻ§µÄË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±À´´¦Àí£¬ÕâÎÞÐÎÖ®ÖмӴóÁËË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿¡£Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÓÈÆäÊÇÖصãË°Ô´»§µÄ¹ÜÀíûÓÐÂäʵµ½ÄÉË°ÈËÉú²ú¾ÓªÈ«¹ý³Ì£¬Ôì³ÉË°Ô´¼à¿ØÉϵĿյµ¡£Ó°ÏìÁËË°Ô´¹ÜÀíµÄʵЧÐÔ£¬Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÖ÷¹ÛÄܶ¯ÐԵò»µ½³ä·Öµ÷¶¯¡£ Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ËØÖʲ»¸ß,Ö÷Òª±íÏÖΪ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ×ÛºÏËØÖʲβÆ룬ҵÎñ¼¼Äܺ͹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦ÓдýÓÚ½øÒ»²½Ìá¸ß¡£ÔÚË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶ÓÎéÖУ¬60%ÒÔÉϵÄË°ÎñÈËÔ±ÄêÁ䶼ÔÚ40ËêÒÔÉÏ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ45ËêÒÔÉϵÄÀÏË°Îñ£¬Æä֪ʶ´¢±¸ÒѾ²»ÄÜÂú×ãÐÂÐÎÊÆÏÂË°ÊÕ¹¤×÷µÄÐèÒª¡£ÐÂÕм½øµØ˰ϵͳµÄ´óѧ±ÏÒµÉúÉõÖÁÑо¿Éú£¬¾ßÓнÏÇ¿µÄÀíÂÛ¹¦µ×ºÍ½ÓÊÜÄÜÁ¦£¬µ«Êµ¼ù¾Ñéȱ·¦£¬Òª½«ÆäÅàÑø³ÉË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶ÓÎéÖеÄÖ÷Á¦¾ü»¹ÓдýʱÈÕ¡£Òò´Ë£¬¼È¶®Ë°ÊÕÒµÎñ֪ʶ£¬ÓÖ¶®¾¼Ã¹ÜÀí¡¢²Æ»á֪ʶ£¬Í¬Ê±ÊìÁ·ÕÆÎÕ¼ÆËã»úÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ¸´ºÏʽ¸ß¼¼ÄÜÈ˲ţ¬ÍùÍù½öÔÚ35ÖÁ40ËêÕâ¸öÄêÁä¶Î£¬Õ¼È«²¿Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ±ÈÀý½ÏµÍ¡£Ôì³ÉÔÚʵ¼ÊË°Ô´¼à¿Ø¹ÜÀíÖÐÐÅÏ¢²É¼¯ÖÊÁ¿²»¸ß,ÐÅÏ¢»¯Ìõ¼þϵÄÊý¾Ý×ÊÔ´ÀûÓÃЧÂʲ»¸ß£¬Ë°ÊÕ·ÖÎöºÍÄÉË°ÆÀ¹ÀÁ÷ÓÚÐÎʽ,Ë°Ô´¼à¿ØЧÄܵÍϵÈʵ¼ÊÎÊÌ⣬ֱ½ÓÓ°ÏìË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÖÊÁ¿¡£ 2.4 Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀíºÍ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¼à¶½»úÖƲ»ÍêÉÆ£¬ÐÎ³É ±Þ´ò¿ìÅ£ µÄÏÖÏ󣬲»ÄÜʹ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚË°Ô´¹ÜÀíÖеÄÖ÷¹ÛÄܶ¯ÐÔ³ä·Ö·¢»Ó¡£Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶȽö¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¿¼ºËµÄÁ¿»¯±ê×¼ºÍ¼¤ÀøµÄ¾ßÌå´ëÊ©¿É²Ù×÷ÐԲÈçºÎ¸÷µØ¶¼È±ÉÙϵͳÍêÉƵĹÜÀíºÍ¿¼ºË°ì·¨£¬ÈçË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀíÈçºÎÓëË°Ô´·ÖÀà¼à¿ØÓлú½áºÏ£¬ÈçºÎ¸ù¾ÝË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÄܼ¶ºÏÀíÅäÖÃ×ÊÔ´£¬½¨Á¢ÏàÓ¦µÄ¸ÚλÔðÈÎÌåϵ£¬ÈçºÎÁ¿»¯Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷Ö°ÔðºÍ¹¤×÷¼¨Ð§,¿¼ºË±ê×¼¡¢¿¼ºËÖ¸±êÈçºÎ½ç¶¨µÈÎÊÌⶼûÓÐÐγɿÆѧµÄϵͳµÄÓÐЧ¼¤ÀøºÍ¿¼ºË¼à¶½Ìåϵ,µ¼Ö ±Þ´ò¿ìÅ£ µÄÏÖÏó²úÉú£¬ÄÑÒÔʵÏÖË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Ö°Ôð¹æ·¶»¯¡¢ÅäÖÃ×îÓÅ»¯¡¢¿¼ºËϵͳ»¯ºÍЧÂʸßЧ»¯¡£ 3 ·¢»ÓË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚÇ¿»¯Ë°Ô´¼à¿Ø¹ÜÀíÖ÷¹ÛÄܶ¯ÐԵĽ¨Òé 3.1 ¼ÓÇ¿Ë°ÊÕ·¨ÖÆ»¯½¨Éè½ø³Ì£¬Ìá¸ßË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÖƶȵÄÁ¢·¨²ã´Î£¬Ã÷È·Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷µÄ·¨ÂÉÐÔÖÊ¡£Ê×ÏÈÖƶ¨ÎÒ¹úµÄ¡¶¡·£¬ÒÔ´ËΪ»ù´¡£¬ÌáÉýË°ÊÕÐÐÕþ·¨¹æ¼°Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Öƶȵķ¨ÂɵØλ£¬Ê¹Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±½øÐÐË°ÊÕÖ´·¨»î¶¯Ê±Óгä×ãµÄ·¨ÂÉÒÀ¾Ý¡£Æä´Î£¬ÒÔ·¨ÂɵÄÐÎʽ½«Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¸÷Ïî¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷¶¨ÐÔΪÐÐÕþÖ´·¨»î¶¯¡£´Óʵ¼Ê¹¤×÷ÐèÒªÀ´¿´£¬ÔËÓ÷¨ÂɵÄÊÖ¶ÎÀ´ÊµÊ©Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÄܹ»ÔöÇ¿¹ÜÀíµÄÁ¦¶È£¬Ìá¸ß¹ÜÀíµÄЧÂÊ£¬Ê¹Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹¤×÷ÆðÀ´ÄÜ·Å¿ªÊø¸¿£¬¸üÄÜÌåÏÖÒÀ·¨ÐÐÕþ¡£ 3.2 ½¨Á¢ºÏÀí»úÖÆ£¬±£Ö¤Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Óë¸Úλ֮¼ä¹¤×÷ÉϵÄÏνÓ˳³©¡£Ë°ÊÕ¸ÚλµÄרҵ»¯·Ö¹¤ÊÇÊÊÓ¦Éç»áÖ÷ÒåÊг¡¾¼ÃµÄеÄË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíģʽϵÄÒ»ÖÖ±ØȻѡÔñ£¬ Õ÷¡¢¹Ü¡¢²é ¸ÚλÓë»ú¹¹Èý·ÖÀ룬ҲÊǽè¼ø¹ú¼ÊÉÏͨÐеÄ×ö·¨£¬µ«Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀí¹ý³ÌÖеÄרҵ»¯·Ö¹¤£¬±ØÈ»Ôö¼Ó¹¤×÷»·½Ú£¬´Ó¶øÔö¼Óе÷µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿ºÍÄѶȣ¬·´¶øÓ°Ï칤×÷ЧÂÊ¡£Òª½â¾öÕâÒ»ÎÊÌ⣬Ҫ½¨Á¢Ðµ÷»úÖÆ£¬ÔÚºÏÀí·Ö¹¤µÄÇ°ÌáÏ£¬Õ÷ÊÕ¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢»ü²éµÈ¸÷Ö°Äܲ¿ÃÅÓ¦¿Ë·þ±¾Î»Ö÷Òå˼Ï룬Ê÷Á¢È«¾ÖÒâʶ¡¢Ð×÷Òâʶ¡¢ÅäºÏÒâʶ¡¢·þ´ÓÒâʶ£¬¸÷˾ÆäÖ°£¬¸÷¸ºÆäÔð¡¢×öµ½¹¤×÷Éϲ»È±Î»¡¢²»Ô½Î»£¬·Ö¹¤²»·Ö¼Ò£¬±£Ö¤Ë°Ô´¹ÜÀíµÄÕâÒ»ÖÐÐŤ×÷¡£Í¬Ê±£¬½¨Á¢¸÷¸ÚλÈËÔ±µÄÁ÷¶¯»úÖÆ£¬ÊÊʱʵÐÐÂÖ¸Ú¡£ÌرðÊǶÔÈËÔ±ËØÖÊÒªÇó½Ï¸ßµÄË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹¤×÷¸Ú룬Ҫ¼á³Ö ÄÜÕßÉÏ¡¢Ó¹ÕßÏ £¬ÊµÐÐĩλÌÔÌÖÆ£¬½«ÒµÎñ¾«¡¢¼ÆËã»ú²Ù×÷ÊìÁ·¡¢ÔðÈÎÐÄÇ¿Ë°Îñ¸É²¿£¬´ÓÕ÷ÊÕ¡¢»ü²é¸Úλ³äʵµ½Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¸ÚλÉÏÀ´£¬±£Ö¤Ã¿Ò»ÃûË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶¼ÄÜʤÈα¾Ö°¹¤×÷£¬±£Ö¤Õ÷ÊÕ¡¢¹ÜÀí¡¢»ü²é¸÷²¿ÃÅÖ®¼äµÄÏνÓ˳³©¡£´ÓÕûÌåÉϽ«Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷ÌáÉýµ½Ò»¸ö¸ü¸ßµÄ²ã´Î¡£ 3.3 ³äʵ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÁ¦Á¿ÓëÌá¸ßË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±ËØÖʲ¢¾Ù£¬È·±£Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿ Ê×ÏÈÊdzäʵ˰ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Á¦Á¿¡£Õë¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±È˾ù¹Ü»§¶àµÄÏÖ×´£¬Ò»·½Ã棬ҪºÏÀíµ÷ÕûÕ÷¡¢¹Ü¡¢²éÈËÔ±Å䱸, ÌرðÊÇËæ×ÅÍøÉÏÉ걨µÄʵÐÐ,Õ÷ÊÕ·Ö¾Ö¹¤×÷Á¿´ó´ó¼õÇᣬ¿ÉÒÔ½«Õ÷ÊÕ·Ö¾Ö²¿·ÖÄêÇá¡¢¼ÆËã»úÓ¦ÓÃˮƽ¸ßµÄÈËÔ±³äʵµ½Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶ÓÎé,Ìá¸ßË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Õ¼Ò»ÏßÕ÷¹ÜÈËÔ±±ÈÖØ£¬½µµÍÈ˾ù¹Ü»§Êý¡£ Æä´Î£¬×¥ºÃÌá¸ßÈËÔ±ËØÖʼ¼ÄÜÅàѵ¡£³ýÁ˶ÔÐÂÕмÈËÔ±Ñϸñ¿¼ÊÔÑ¡°Î£¬´ÓÔ´Í·Éϱ£Ö¤Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶ÓÎéµÄ¸ßËØÖÊÍ⣬Ö÷Òª»¹ÊǶÔÔÚ¸ÚÈËÔ±¼ÓÇ¿½ÌÓýÅàѵ,°Ñ¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÒµÎñ¼¼ÄÜÅàѵ¹¤×÷ÁÐÈëÖØÒªÒéÊÂÈճ̣¬½¨Á¢½ÌÓýÅàѵ³¤Ð§»úÖÆ¡£Ó¦°Ñ¶Ô»ù²ã¹ÜÀí·Ö¾Ö¸É²¿ÅàѵµÄÖصãÀ´×¥£¬Í¨¹ýÊ¡¡¢Êоּ¯ÖоٰìË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±Åàѵ°àµÈÐÎʽ£¬Ìá¸ßË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄËØÖʺÍË°Ô´¼à¿Ø¹ÜÀíµÄÀíÂÛˮƽ¡£ 3.4 ¼ÓÇ¿¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀí¿¼ºËÓë¼à¶½ Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÍÆÐÐÄܼ¶¹ÜÀíÖƶȣ¬½¨Á¢Ò»Ì×ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÌåϵ¡£¸ù¾Ý»ù²ãË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶ÓÎéµÄʵ¼Ê×´¿ö£¬°´ÕÕÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÅäÖÃ×îÓÅ×î´ó»¯ÔÔò£¬½¨Á¢Ò»Ì×È«Ãæ¹æ·¶µÄÄܼ¶¹ÜÀí°ì·¨£¬¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦½øÐÐ×ۺϲâÆÀ£¬´ÓÀíÂÛˮƽ¡¢Êµ¼Ê¹¤×÷¼¼ÄܵÈ×ÛºÏËØÖʽøÐж෽Ã濼²ì£¬Í¨¹ý¿¼ÊÔµÈÐÎʽ£¬È·¶¨Ã¿ÃûË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¸ÚλÄܼ¶¡£¸ÚλÄܼ¶¶¨ÆÚµ÷Õû£¬ÄÜÉÏÄÜÏ£¬²¢ÒÔ´Ë×öΪ¾ºÕùÉϸڵÄÖ÷ÒªÒÀ¾Ý£¬µ÷¶¯¹ã´ó¸É²¿ºÍ»ý¼«ÐԺʹ´ÔìÐÔ£¬Ê¹¹ÜÀíÁ¦Á¿ºÍË°ÊÕÊÕÈëÏàÆ¥Å䣬ʵÏÖË°Ô´¼à¿Ø¹ÜÀíЧÄܵÄ×î´ó»¯¡£ Æä´Î£¬½¨Á¢ÔðÈÎÂäʵ¡¢¼à¶½ÓÐÁ¦µÄË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±¿¼ÆÀÌåϵ¡£°´ÕÕË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷ÊÂÏ½¨Á¢¾«Ï¸»¯µÄ¿¼ºË¹ÜÀíÔðÈÎÖƶȣ¬¸ù¾ÝË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷ÊýÁ¿¡¢¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿ºÍ¹¤×÷ЧÄÜ·ÖÀàÉè¼Æ¿¼ºËÖ¸±ê£¬°´¹¤×÷µÄÄÑÒ׳̶ȡ¢ÔðÈδóСȷ¶¨È¨ÖØ£¬½¨Á¢ÒÔ¹¤×÷ÊÂÏî·ÖÀà´ò·Ö¡¢¼ÆËã»ú×Ô¶¯»ã×Üͳ¼Æ£¬È˹¤¼ì²éÓë¼ÆËã»ú×Ô¶¯¿¼ºËÏà½áºÏµÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË»úÖÆ£¬¾ßÌ嵽ÿһ»§ÄÉË°ÈË¡¢Ã¿Ò»¸ö¹¤×÷»·½Ú¶¼ÓÐÔðÈηֹ¤£¬ÓÐЧ·ÀÖ¹³öÏÖ È¨Á¦Ñ°×â ÏÖÏó£¬È«Ãæ´Ù½øË°Ô´¼à¿Ø¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷ЧÄܵÄʵÏÖ¡£ ×îºó£¬ÑϸñÂäʵ¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ½±³Í¡£½¨Á¢¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË»úÖÆ£¬Ä¿µÄÔÚÓÚ¼¤ÀøË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíԱŬÁ¦¹¤×÷£¬Í¨¹ý¶¨ÆÚ¶ÔË°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¿¼ºË£¬°´ÕÕÖÊÁ¿µÄºÃ»µ¶ÒÏÖ½±³Í£¬µ÷¶¯Ë°ÊÕ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷»ý¼«ÐÔ£¬ÇÐʵ½â¾ö ÊèÓÚ¹ÜÀí¡¢µ»¯ÔðÈÎ µÄÎÊÌâ¡£¡¾¡¿ ÔðÈα༣ºlcl ²»¹«Æ½Ë°ÊÕ¾ºÕùµÄÐγÉÔÒò¼°¹ÜÀí¶Ô²ß