À´Ô´_ïÇÚ²ÆÎñ ·¢²¼ÈÕÆÚ:2024Äê01ÔÂ16ÈÕ
ӦƸ»á¼Æ³õ¼¶ºÃÕÒ¹¤×÷Âð
¡¾ÎÊÌâ¡¿ÆóÒµÈçºÎÖ¤Ã÷¾ßÓÐÒ»°ãÄÉË°ÈË×ʸñ£¿¡¾´ð°¸¡¿¸ù¾Ý¡¶Ë°Îñ×ֹܾØÓÚÔöֵ˰һ°ãÄÉË°È˵ǼǹÜÀíÈô¸ÉÊÂÏîµÄ¹«¸æ¡·£¨Ë°Îñ×ֹܾ«¸æ2018ÄêµÚ6ºÅ£©£º¡°°Ë¡¢¾Ë°Îñ»ú¹ØºË¶ÔºóÍË»¹ÄÉË°ÈËÁô´æµÄ¡¶Ôöֵ˰һ°ãÄÉË°ÈËµÇ¼Ç±í¡·£¬¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊ֤Ã÷ÄÉË°È˳ÉΪÔöֵ˰һ°ãÄÉË°È˵Äƾ¾Ý¡£¡±¼ÓÈëʵÎñ³©Ñ§¿¨»áÔ±£¬ËæʱËæµØÔÚÏßÌáÎÊ£¬¶àÃû²Æ˰ר¼ÒÃâ·Ñ¼«ËÙ´ðÒÉ£¬Ñ§Ï°¸ü¶à²ÆË°×ÊѶ¡¢²Æ¾·¨¹æ¡¢×¨¼ÒÎÊ´ð¡¢ÄÜÁ¦²âÆÀ¡¢Ãâ·ÑÖ±²¥£¬¿ÉÒԲ鿴 ¿É¿ªËÞס,²ÍÒû,µÈ·¢Æ±Ð£»á¼ÆʵÎñƵµÀ£¬ ¸öÈËÁìÈ¡ÆóÒµÄê½ð¡¢Ö°ÒµÄê½ð£¬ÈçºÎ¼ÆË°£¿
¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿ÎÄÕÂÊÔͼ·ÖÎöÈçºÎÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³Ï£¬Í¨¹ýÓÅ»¯ÎïÁ÷»î¶¯À´¶ÔÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´½øÐÐÐͬºÍÕûºÏ£¬²¢Ìá³ö·¢Õ¹µç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ±ØÈ»ÐԺͱØÒªÐÔ£¬Í¬Ê±ÒýÈëµÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷À´ÊµÏÖÁ÷ͨÖмÛÖµÁ´µÄÖØ×éºÍÉýÖµ¡£ ¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿µç×ÓÉÌÎñ£»Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨ£»¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀí£»µÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷ Abstract£ºThis paper attempts to analysis how to collaborate and integrate the agricultural supply chain through the optimization of logistic activities under the e-commerce environment. Key words£ºe-commerce; circulation of agricultural products; supply chain logistics management; third-party logistics ºÚÁú½Ê¡Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÎïÁ÷´æÔÚÁ÷ͨ³É±¾¸ß¡¢Á÷ͨÇþµÀ³¤¡¢½»Ò×ÊÖ¶ÎÂäºóÒÔ¼°ÐÅÏ¢»¯³Ì¶ÈµÍµÈÏÖ×´£¬¶øµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ³öÏÖÍƽøÁËÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Êг¡Á÷ͨÌåϵµÄ¹¹½¨ºÍÍêÉÆ£¬¸üÊÇʵÏÖÅ©ÒµÐÅÏ¢»¯µÄ±ØÈ»Ç÷ÊÆ¡£ ¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíÊÇÒ»ÖÖÊг¡»¯µÄ×éÖ¯ÐÎʽ£¬×¨Òµ»¯µÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷»î¶¯µÄ¹¦ÄÜ·¢»Ó¶Ô¸ÄÉƺÚÁú½Ê¡µÄÅ©Òµ²úÒµÁ´¼äµÄñîºÏ¶ÈºÍÅ©ÒµµÄ¼ÛÖµÁ´Óкܴó°ïÖú£¬ÓÐÖúÓÚ½øÒ»²½·¢»ÓÎÒÊ¡µÄÅ©Òµ×ÊÔ´ÓÅÊÆ£¬Ìá¸ßÅ©Òµ¾ºÕùÁ¦¡£ 1 ºÚÁú½Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÁìÓòÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ 1.1 µ±Ç°ºÚÁú½Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÌåϵ½¨ÉèÈÔ²»ÍêÉÆ Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨ²»³©Ò»Ö±ÊÇ×è°ºÚÁú½Ê¡Å©ÒµºÍÅ©´å¾¼Ã½¡¿µ·¢Õ¹¡¢Å©ÃñÔöÊÕÄËÖÁÅ©´åÎȶ¨µÄÖØÒªÒòËØÖ®Ò»¡£ÓÉÓÚÊг¡ÐÅÏ¢µÄ²»³©Í¨ºÍ²»¹æ·¶µÈÔÒò£¬Ê¹µÃÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ± ÄÑÂô ÏÖ×´ÈÔÈ»´æÔÚ¡£Í¬Ê±»¹´æÔÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±µÄ½á¹¹µ÷Õû·¢ÉúÖͺó¡¢Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨµÄÍøµã¡¢¹æÄ£¡¢ÉèÊ©µÈÓëÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Åú·¢Êг¡µÄÐèÇ󼫲»Ïà³ÆµÄÎÊÌâ¡£¶øÒª½¡È«Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÌåϵ£¨»òÍøÂ磩£¬¾ÍÐèÒª¾ß±¸ÏµÍ³»¯µÄÅ©ÒµÐÅÏ¢ÊÕ¼¯¡¢ÕûÀíºÍ·¢²¼Ìåϵ£¬ÕâÒ²ÊǸãºÃÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨµÄºËÐÄ¡£»ý¼«ÍÆÐÐÐÅÏ¢»¯¹ÜÀí£¬Ó¦Óõç×ÓÉÌÎñµÈÏÖ´úÁ÷ͨ¼¼Êõ£¬°´ÕÕÏÖ´úÁ÷ͨ¹ÜÀíµÄÒªÇ󣬻ý¼«Ì½Ë÷ÆÚ»õ½»Òס¢ÅÄÂô¡¢´úÀí¾Óª¡¢ÍøÉϽ»Ò×µÈÐÂÐͽ»Ò×·½Ê½£¬ÀûÓ÷¢Õ¹Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±µç×ÓÉÌÎñÍøÂçÀ´¼Ó¿ìÐÅÏ¢Á÷ͨµÄËٶȡ£ 1.2 Á÷ͨµÄ×éÖ¯»¯³Ì¶ÈµÍ ¾Ý2006Äêͳ¼Æ£¬ºÚÁú½Ê¡Óи÷ÀàÅ©´åרҵºÏ×÷¾¼Ã×éÖ¯4 000¶à¸ö£¬ÓÐÅ©Ãñ¾¼ÍÈËÁì°ìµÄÅ©´åºÏ×÷¾¼Ã×éÖ¯848¸ö£¬´´½¨Á˸÷¼¶Å©Ãñ¾¼ÍÈËлá371¸ö¡£³ýһЩµØ·½µÄרҵлáÍ⣬ũÃñ½øÈëÁ÷ͨÁìÓò»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÉ¢±øÓÎÓ¡¢¸÷×ÔΪս¡£È»¶ø£¬Á÷ͨÖ÷ÌåµÄ×éÖ¯»¯³Ì¶ÈµÍ£¬ÓÐЧµÄ°ì¹«ÓÃÆ·²ÄÁϷѵȱ¨Ïú·¢Æ±×éÖ¯·¢Õ¹»¹²»ÍêÉÆ£¬ÒÔ¼¯Ã³Êг¡ºÍÁãÊÛÊг¡Îª»ù´¡µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Êг¡Ìåϵȱ·¦¸ßЧµÄ¶àÖÖÁ¬½ÓÁ÷ͨÇþµÀ£¬Á÷ͨÌåϵ¹æ·¶»¯³Ì¶ÈÓдýÌá¸ß¡£ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÁ÷ͨ½×¶Î²»Í¬µÄÁ÷ͨÖ÷ÌåÖ´ÐеÄÎïÁ÷»î¶¯·Ö¹¤²»Ã÷È·¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Á÷ͨ¹ý³ÌµÄ×éÖ¯»¯³Ì¶ÈÒ²²»¸ß£¬²ÎÓëÖ÷ÌåµÄ²ÎÓë¹ý³Ì¶Ì£¬ÕâÑù»áÔì³É¶ÔÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÇþµÀÈÏʶ²»×ã¡¢²¶×½ÐÅÏ¢ÄÜÁ¦²»¹»£¬½ø¶øÓ°ÏìÁ÷ͨµÄЧÂÊ¡£ 1.3 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÖÐÐÅÏ¢»¯³Ì¶ÈµÍ µ½2006ÄêÄ©£¬Å©ÒµÐÅÏ¢Íø¹²·¢²¼¸÷ÀàÐÅÏ¢150¶àÍòÌõ£¬ÍøÕ¾µã»÷Êý´ï3 000¶àÍò´Î£¬²¢ÇÒºÚÁú½Ê¡ÓÐ7¸öÊеء¢45¸öÏØÊпªÍ¨ÁË Å©Òµ110 ÐÅÏ¢·þÎñÈÈÏß¡£µ«ÊǶÔÓÚ¼Ó¿ìÍêÉÆÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÌåϵ»¹ÊDz»¹»µÄ£¬´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâÒ²ÊDz»¿ÉºöÊӵġ£»ù²ãµÄÅ©ÒµÐÅÏ¢ÍøÂç²»ÍêÉÆ£¬Éú²úÕߣ¨Å©Ãñ£©²»ÄÜÕÆÎÕÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÖеÄÐÅÏ¢£¬»áʹËûÃÇÎÞ·¨¸ù¾Ýʵ¼ÊÐèÇó×ö³öÏàÓ¦µÄµ÷ÕûºÍ°²ÅÅ£¬ÓÐʱҲ»á³öÏÖäĿÉú²úµÄÏÖÏó£¬Ôì³É×ÊÔ´ºÍÈËÁ¦µÄ´óÁ¿ÀË·Ñ¡£Í³Ò»µÄÐÅÏ¢ÍøÂçƽ̨ºÍÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±µç×ÓÉÌÎñƽ̨½¨ÉèÓëÓ¦ÓõÄÁ¦¶È²»¹»£¬ÐÅÏ¢µÄÊÕ¼¯¡¢·¢²¼ºÍÐÅÏ¢¹²Ïí³Ì¶È²»¸ß£¬¶ÔÕûÌåÓÅÊƵÄÐγÉÉ趨ÁË×è°¡£ 1.4 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÊг¡ÅäÌ×·þÎñ¹¦Äܵ¥Ò»£¬Á÷ͨ»·½Ú½á¹¹ËÉÉ¢ Á÷ͨ¸÷»·½ÚÖ®¼ä½á¹¹ËÉÉ¢£¬Ã»ÓÐÐγÉÍêÕûÁ÷ͨÌåϵӦÐγɵĹ©Ó¦Á´½á¹¹£¬¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀíµÄÀíÄîÉÐδÐγɡ£ºÚÁú½Ê¡´ó²¿·ÖÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÌåϵµÄÖ÷ÌåÁ÷³ÌΪ£ºÅ©»§-Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¼Ó¹¤ÆóÒµ/»ùµØ-²úµØÅú·¢Êг¡-ÏúµØÅú·¢Êг¡-ũóÊг¡/³¬ÊÐ-³ÇÕò¾ÓÃñ£¬´ó²¿·ÖÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Åú·¢Êг¡ÈÔÒÔµ¥Ò»¶ÔÊÖ½»Ò׺ÍÓÐÐÎÊг¡ÎªÖ÷£¬¸÷ÏîÅäÌ×·þÎñ¹¦Äܼ´Ê¹¾ß±¸Ò²ÍùÍùÍ£ÁôÔÚ³õ¼¶½×¶Î¡£¶ø³ÉÊìµÄÅú·¢Êг¡Ó¦¸Ã¾ß±¸³¡µØ¹¦ÄÜ¡¢ÉÌÆ·×éÖ¯¹¦ÄÜ¡¢¼Û¸ñÉú³É¹¦ÄܺÍÐÅÏ¢¹¦ÄÜ¡£Á÷ͨ¸÷»·½ÚÖ®¼äȱ·¦ÓÐЧµÄÄÚ²¿ÁªÏµºÍ¹µÍ¨£¬ºÜÄÑÐγÉÒÔµ÷ÑС¢¼Æ»®¡¢Éú²ú¡¢ÖüÔË¡¢´ÙÏú¡¢·þÎñµÈΪһÌ廯µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´£¬¹©Ó¦ÍøÂçµÄ½¨Éè³Ù»º¡£ 2 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíµÄÄÚº¡¢Ìص㼰ģʽ 2.1 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀíµÄÄÚº Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÊÇÖ¸ÔÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Éú²ú¡¢Á÷ͨ¹ý³ÌÖÐËùÉæ¼°µÄÉú²úÕß¡¢ÖмäÉ̺ÍÏû·ÑËù×é³ÉµÄÍøÂçÌåϵ¡£¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀí£¨SCM£©ÊǶԹ©Ó¦Á´Öи÷³ÉÔ±Ö®¼äµÄÎïÁ÷¡¢ÐÅÏ¢Á÷¡¢×ʽðÁ÷½øÐмƻ®¡¢Ðµ÷Óë¿ØÖÆ£¬ÒÔ×îСµÄ³É±¾ÎªÏû·ÑÕßÌṩ×î´óµÄ¼ÛÖµÓë×îºÃµÄ·þÎñ£¬´Ó¶øÌá¸ß¹©Ó¦Á´µÄÔËÐÐЧÂÊÓë¾¼ÃÊÕÒæ¡£ 2.2 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀí Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÊÇÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±´ÓÊÕ¹º¡¢¼Ó¹¤¡¢ÔËÊä¡¢·ÖÏúÖ±ÖÁ×îÖÕË͵½¹Ë¿ÍÊÖÖеÄÕâÒ»¹ý³ÌËù×é³ÉµÄ»·»·Ïà¿ÛµÄÁ´Ìõ£¬ËüÊÇÅ©Òµ²úÒµÁ´µÄÏÂÓκÍÄ©¶Ë¡£Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÊÇÓÉÉæ¼°½«Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±»ò·þÎñÌṩ¸ø×îÖÕÏû·ÑÕßµÄÉÏÓμ°ÏÂÓÎÅ©»§¡¢Éú²úÉÌ¡¢Åú·¢ÉÌ¡¢ÁãÊÛÉÌÒÔ¼°×îÖÕÏû·ÑÕß×é³ÉµÄ¹©ÐèÍøÂç¡£Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ£¬Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÓÉÒÔÏ»·½Ú¹¹³É£ºÉú²ú×ÊÁϵĹ©Ó¦»·½Ú¡¢Éú²ú»·½Ú¡¢¼Ó¹¤»·½Ú¡¢ÅäËÍ»·½Ú¡¢ÁãÊÛ»·½Ú¡£ Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíÔò¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇΧÈÆÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾ÓªºËÐÄ£¬Í¨¹ý¶ÔÐÅÏ¢Á÷¡¢ÎïÁ÷¡¢×ʽðÁ÷µÄ¿ØÖÆ£¬Ðµ÷Å©ÓÃÉú²ú×ÊÁϹ©Ó¦ÉÌ¡¢Å©»§¡¢Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾ÓªÕß¡¢Ïû·ÑÕßÖ®¼äÀûÒæÐèÇ󣬽«¹©Ó¦Á´¸÷³ÉÔ±×÷Ϊһ¸öÓлúÕûÌåÀ´¿¼ÂÇ£¬Ê¹ÎïÁ÷²»½ö¹á´©ÓÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±²É¹º¡¢ÊÕ¹ºÔËÊäºÍ·ÖÏú£¬»¹¹á´©ÓÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾ÓªÆóÒµÓëÉÏÏÂÓÎÆóÒµÖ®¼äÐγɵĹ©Ó¦Á´£¬×îÖÕʵÏÖ¹©Ó¦Á´¼¨Ð§×î´ó»¯¡£ 2.3 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷µÄÌص㠵ç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³Ï£¬Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷±íÏÖµÄÌص㣺 £¨1£©ÐÅÏ¢»¯¡£ÎïÁ÷µÄÐÅÏ¢»¯Êǵç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ±ØȻҪÇó£¬ÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñÏÂÌṩ×î¼ÑµÄÎïÁ÷·þÎñ²»µ¥µ¥ÊÇÒÀÀµÓÚÏȽøµÄ¼¼ÊõÉ豸£¬¶ø¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇÁ¼ºÃµÄÐÅÏ¢´¦ÀíºÍ´«Êäϵͳ¡£´ËÍ⣬ÔÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÎïÁ÷ÍøÂçÉè¼ÆºÍ¾ö²ß·½ÃæÒ²½«²úÉú¾Þ´óµÄÓÅÊÆ¡£ £¨2£©ÍøÂ绯¡£ÒÔÎïÁ÷ÅäËÍÖÐÐÄΪºËÐĵÄÎïÁ÷ÅäËÍϵͳͨ¹ý¼ÆËã»úͨÐÅÍøÂçÓëÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦ÉÌͨ¹ý»¥ÁªÍøͨÐÅÌá³ö¶©µ¥¹ý³Ì£¬ÎïÁ÷ÅäËÍÖÐÐÄͨ¹ý¼ÆËã»úÍøÂçÊÕ¼¯ÏÂÓοͻ§¶©»õ¹ý³Ì£¬ÕâЩ¹ý³Ì¶¼¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Íê³É¡£ £¨3£©¶à¹¦ÄÜ»¯¡£¶à¹¦ÄÜ»¯Êǵç×ÓÉÌÎñʱ´úϹ©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¼¯Ô¼»¯¾ÓªµÄ±Ø¾½×¶Î£¬¼´ÎïÁ÷ÅäËÍÖÐÐIJ»½öÌá¸ß²Ö´¢ºÍÔËÊ仧·þÎñ£¬»¹±ØÐ뿪չÅä»õ¡¢ÅäËͺ͸÷ÖÖÌá¸ß¸½¼ÓÖµµÄÁ÷ͨ¼Ó¹¤·þÎñÏîÄ¿¡£ 2.4 µç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³ÏµÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíģʽ¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀíµÄ±¾ÖʾÍÊÇÒ»¸öƽ̨£¬ËüµÄÄ¿±êÊÇʹÉÌÁ÷×îÓÅ»¯£¬¹©Ó¦Á´ÕûÌåЧÂʺÍЧÒæ×î´ó»¯£¬Í¬Ê±¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀíËù´¦ÀíµÄÄÚÈݾÍÊÇÒÔ×îÖÕ¿Í»§ÐèÇóΪԶ¯Á¦£¬Ê¹Ã¿¸ö¹©Ó¦Á´½Úµã¶¼Äܹ»·ÖÏíÐÅÏ¢£¬´ïµ½Í¬²½ºÍе÷µÄÔËÐС£ÔÚÕû¸ö¹ÜÀíÁ÷³ÌÖУ¬ÒÔµç×ÓÉÌÎñΪÊֶΣ¬Ó¦ÓÃÍøÂç¼¼ÊõʵÏÖÕû¸öÎïÁ÷µÄʵʱ¼à¿ØºÍʵʱ¾ö²ß¡£ 3 µç×ÓÉÌÎñϵÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíµÄ±ØÒªÐÔ·ÖÎö 3.1 µç×ÓÉÌÎñ·¢Õ¹ÏµÄÎïÁ÷Æ¿¾±Ô½À´Ô½Í»³ö Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÖеÄÉÌÁ÷¡¢ÎïÁ÷¡¢ÐÅÏ¢Á÷¡¢×ʽðÁ÷µÄÈ«ÃæÐͬʮ·ÖÖØÒª£¬ÓÉÓÚÎïÁ÷ÓëÉÌÁ÷¡¢ÐÅÏ¢Á÷¡¢×ʽðÁ÷´æÔÚ±¾ÖÊÉϵÄÇø±ð£¬ÔÚʵ¼ÊÔË×÷ÖÐÒ»°ã¿ÉÒÔ½èÖúÐÅÏ¢ÍøÂçºÍ°ì¹«ÓÃÆ·²ÄÁϷѵȱ¨Ïú·¢Æ±»ú¹¹ÊµÏÖÐÅÏ¢µÄ½»»»ºÍ×ʽðµÄÁ÷¶¯£¬µ«ÎïÁ÷ÍùÍù¸ü¶àµØ±íÏÖΪÉÌƷʵÌåÔÚƽÃæºÍ¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÒƶ¯£¬ÊÜ×ÔÉíÐÔÖʵÄÔ¼Êø£¬ÆäʵʩµÄ³É±¾ºÍÄѶÈÏà¶ÔºÜ¸ß£¬³ÉΪ¹©Ó¦Á´¿ìËÙ¡¢ÓÐЧÔËÐеÄÖ÷ÒªÕÏ°£¬ÕâÔ½À´Ô½ÓÐÀµÓÚÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄÆÕ±éÓ¦Óã¬ÌرðÊÇÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñ¸ßËÙ·¢Õ¹¡¢Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¿Í»§¸öÐÔ»¯ÐèÇóÈÕÇ÷Ã÷ÏÔµÄÐÎÊÆÏ£¬ÎïÁ÷Æ¿¾±Ô½À´Ô½Í»³ö¡£¸ù¾Ý ľͰÔÀí £¬Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÉÏÈκÎÒ»¸ö³ÉÔ±ÎïÁ÷ЧÂʵĽµµÍ¶¼»á½µµÍÕû¸öÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ¾ºÕùÁ¦£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³ÏÂÀûÓõç×ÓÉÌÎñƽ̨£¬ÊµÏÖÐÅÏ¢µÄ¹²Ïí£¬Ìá¸ßÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷µÄÕûÌåЧÂÊÊÇÊ®·ÖÆÈÇкͱØÒªµÄ¡£ 3.2 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÖÐÎïÁ÷»·½Úе÷ÐԲÕûÌå¼ÛÖµÁ´ÔöÖµÀ§ÄÑ ºÚÁú½Ê¡»¹´¦ÔÚ´«Í³µÄ¡¢Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÎïÁ÷ÌåϵÖУ¬ÕâÑùÐÅÏ¢Á÷¡¢ÉÌÁ÷¡¢ÎïÁ÷ºÍ×ʽðÁ÷ÔÚʱ¼äºÍ¿Õ¼äÉÏÏ໥·ÖÀ룬²»Äܺܺõؽâ¾öÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÔÚ²ú¹©ÏúÖÐËùÐγɵĽṹÐÔì¶Ü£¬ÔÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÌõÖУ¬È±·¦Ðµ÷¡¢ºÏÀíµÄÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíÁ÷³Ì£¬Ê¹µÃÎïÁ÷µÄ¿ì½ÝÐԺ͸ßЧÐԵŦÄܲ»Äܵõ½×î´ó»¯µÄ·¢»Ó£¬ÎïÁ÷µÄ¼ÛÖµÔöÖµÓÐÏÞ¡£¶øÀûÓõç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÓÅÊÆ£¬¿ÉÒÔ½èÖúÏÖ´úÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±µç×ÓÉÌÎñƽ̨£¬Í¬Ê±ÔÚÎïÁ÷»·½Ú°ÑÌá¸ßÎïÁ÷ЧÂÊ·ÅÔÚÖÐÐĵØ룬ÕâÑùÄÜÓÐЧµÄÐͬºÍÓÅ»¯¸÷½ÚµãµÄÎïÁ÷»î¶¯¡£³¤ÆÚÒÔÀ´£¬Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´Éϸ÷³ÉÔ±×éÖ¯¼ä¹ÂÁ¢µÄ½øÐÐÎïÁ÷»î¶¯»áÖ±½ÓÓ°Ï칩ӦÁ´ÎïÁ÷µÄÕûÌåЧÂÊ£¬¼ÛÖµÁ´µÄÔöÖµÒ²¾Í±äµÃÀ§ÄÑ¡£ 3.3 Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾ÓªÆóÒµµÄÄÚÔÚÐèÇóÊǵç×ÓÉÌÎñ·¢Õ¹µÄÄÚÔÚ¶¯Á¦ Ê¡ÄںܶàÅ©ÒµÆóÒµÒѾÒâʶµ½·¢Õ¹µç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬¶¼·×·×µØÔÚÒòÌØÍøÉϽ¨Á¢×Ô¼ºµÄÍøÕ¾£¬¿ªÕ¹Å©ÒµÐÅÏ¢·þÎñºÍÍøÂçÓªÏú»î¶¯¡£ÀýÈ磺½üÄêÀ´£¬º£ÁÖÊÐÔÚÇ¿»¯Å©´åÊг¡Ö÷Ìå×÷ÓúÍÓÐÐÎÊг¡½¨ÉèµÄͬʱ£¬´´ÐÂÏÖ´úÎïÁ÷ÓªÏúÀíÄ²»¶ÏÍØ¿íÁ÷ͨÇþµÀ£¬»ý¼«ÍƽøÍøÉϽ»Ò×£¬Í¶×Ê850ÍòÔª½¨ÉèÁ˸²¸ÇÈ«ÊÐÅ©´åµÄ¿í´øÍøÂ磬Ϊ123¸öÖÐÐÄ´åÍêÉÆÁËÍøÂçÉèÊ©£¬¿ª°ìÁ˺£ÁÖÅ©ÒµÐÅÏ¢×ÛºÏÍøÕ¾ºÍÍþ»¢É½Ê³ÓþúרҵÍøÕ¾£¬Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾ÓªÆóÒµÖ»Ðè¼òµ¥µÄ×¢²á£¬¾Í¿É½«²úÆ··¢Æ±°áÉÏÐéÄâ »õ¼Ü £¬²¢Í¨¹ýÊó±ê¹äÊг¡£¬Á˽⹩ÇóÐÅÏ¢£¬ÊµÏÖ²úÆ··¢Æ±½»Òס£¾ÓªÕßÒâʶµ½ÍøÂç»á¸øËûÃǵľӪ´øÀ´¸ü¶àµÄóÒ×»ú»á£¬ÕâÑùÔÚ¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ¸÷¸ö½ÚµãÒ²ÄÜʵÏÖÐÅÏ¢µÄ¹²Ïí£¬Éú²ú¾ÓªÆóҵͬʱÄܹ»ÕÆÎÕÍ걸µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÐÅÏ¢£¬¶ÔÊг¡µÄÐèÇóÁ¿ºÍ¼Û¸ñ×î¿ìµØ×ö³öÊÊʱµÄ·´Ó¦£¬¹©ÇóË«·½ÐÅÏ¢¸ü¼Ó͸Ã÷¡£ 4 µç×ÓÉÌÎñϺÚÁú½ÊµÊ©Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíµÄÄ¿±ê¼°¾Ù´ë 4.1 ÍêÉÆÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Êг¡Ìåϵ½¨Éè ½¨Á¢ÒÔÅú·¢Êг¡ÎªÖÐÐÄ£¬¸÷¼¶Êг¡Ïàе÷µÄÊг¡Ìåϵ£¬Í¬Ê±Òª»ý¼«·¢Õ¹Á¬½ÓÅ©»§ÓëÊг¡µÄ¶àÑù»¯¡¢¶à²ã´Î¡¢¶àÁìÓòµÄ°ì¹«ÓÃÆ·²ÄÁϷѵȱ¨Ïú·¢Æ±×éÖ¯¡£ÔÚºÚÁú½Ê¡µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¼¯ÖвúÏúÇø£¬¸Ä¡¢À©½¨Ò»Åú¼¯É¢¹¦ÄÜÇ¿¡¢·øÉ䷶Χ¹ã¡¢ÐÅÏ¢Ö÷µ¼Ð͵ÄÅ©¸±²úÆ··¢Æ±Åú·¢Êг¡ºÍ¼¯Ã³Êг¡¡£Í¬Ê±³ä·Ö·¢»Ó³¬ÊÐÔÚºÚÁú½Ê¡Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÖеÄ×÷Ó㬸ãºÃ»ùµØÓ볬ÊеĶԽÓÍØÕ¹ºÍÌáÉýÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Åú·¢Êг¡µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬½øÒ»²½·¢»ÓÎïÁ÷×éÖ¯¡¢½»Ò×´éºÏ¡¢ÐÒ鹩ӦµÈ¹¦ÄÜ£¬Ê¹Êг¡ÐÎ̬Óɵ¥Ò»ÓÐÐÎÊг¡ÏòÓÐÐκÍÎÞÐÎÊг¡Ïà½áºÏµÄ×ÛºÏÐÎ̬ת±ä¡£½áºÏºÚÁú½Ê¡Êµ¼Ê£¬×³´óÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾¼Í¶ÓÎ飬ҪÒýµ¼ÁúÍ·ÆóÒµ³ÉΪũ²úÆ··¢Æ±¾¼Í¶ÓÎéµÄÖ÷Á¦¾ü¡£¼ÓÇ¿Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÓªÏúÍøÂ罨É裬¸ù¾ÝºÚÁú½Ê¡¸÷µØÇøµÄÉú²ú¡¢Ïû·ÑÌصãºÍÒÑÓеÄÊг¡»ù´¡£¬ÕûºÏ¡¢À©´óÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±½»Ò×Êг¡£¬ÒÔ¸÷ÖÖ·½Ê½ÎªÓªÏúÖ÷ÌåÌṩÏúÊÛƽ̨¡£ 4.2 ¼Ó¿ìÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀíϵͳ½¨Éè ÔÚºÚÁú½Ê¡´óÁ¦·¢Õ¹µç×ÓÉÌÎñ£¬½¨Á¢Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±µç×ÓÉÌÎñƽ̨£¬Ê¹¹©Ó¦Á´µÄºËÐÄÆóÒµºÍÆäËûÆóÒµ¶¼ÄÜ·ÖÏíµ½ÐèÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚ´Ù½ø¹©Ó¦Á´ÖÐÐÅÏ¢Á÷µÄ¸ÄÉÆ£¬ÔÚÕþ¸®ºÍ°ì¹«ÓÃÆ·²ÄÁϷѵȱ¨Ïú·¢Æ±×éÖ¯µÄÒýµ¼Ï¹²½¨ÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀíϵͳ£¬Ìá¸ßÕûÌåÓ¦±äÄÜÁ¦¡£¹©Ó¦Á´µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¾ÓªµÄÉÏÏÂÓÎÆóÒµ¿ÉÒÔ½èÖúµç×ÓÉÌÎñÊÖ¶ÎÔÚ»¥ÁªÍøÉÏʵÏÖ²¿·Ö»òÈ«²¿µÄ¹©Ó¦Á´½»Ò×£»»¹¿ÉÒÔ½¨Á¢Í³Ò»µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÎïÁ÷ÐÅÏ¢ÍøÂçƽ̨£¬ÕâÑùÓÐÀûÓÚµ¥¸ö¾ÓªÆóÒµÕÆÎÕ¿çÔ½Õû¸ö¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ¸÷ÖÖÓÐÓÃ×ÊÔ´£¬¼°Ê±Á˽âÏû·ÑÕßÐèÇóÒÔ¼°Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦É̵Ĺ©»õÇé¿ö£¬¶ÔÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±ÎïÁ÷¸÷¸ö»·½Úʵʱ¸ú×Ù£¬´ïµ½È«³Ì¹ÜÀíºÍÓÐЧµÄ¿ØÖÆ¡£ 4.3 ·¢Õ¹µÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷ µÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷ÊÇÊÊÓ¦µç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÒ»ÖÖȫеÄÎïÁ÷ģʽ£¬ÎªÁËӺϸöÐÔÐèÇóʱ´úÆóÒµ¼äרҵºÏ×÷£¨×ÊÔ´ÅäÖ㩲»¶Ï±ä»¯µÄÒªÇó£¬ËüÄܹ»ÊµÏÖ½ø³öÎïÁ÷µÄÕûºÏ£¬Ìá¸ßÎïÁ÷·þÎñÖÊÁ¿¡£µÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷×÷ΪÎïÁ÷ÇþµÀÖеÄרҵ»¯ÎïÁ÷ÖмäÈË£¬ÒÔÇ©¶©ºÏͬµÄ·½Ê½£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨ÆÚ¼äÄÚ£¬ÎªÆäËûÆóÒµÌṩµÄËùÓлòijЩ·½ÃæµÄÎïÁ÷ÒµÎñ·þÎñ£¬Äܹ»ÊµÏÖ¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ¼ÛÖµÔöÖµ¡£´ËÍ⣬¶ÔÎïÁ÷×ʲúºÍÎïÁ÷»î¶¯½øÐй滮¡¢¼¯³É¡¢¹ÜÀíºÍ¿ØÖÆ£¬½µµÍÎïÁ÷×÷Òµ³É±¾£¬ÒòΪµÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷·þÎñÒµÔÚ¾Óª¹æÄ£¡¢¾Óª·¶Î§É϶¼¾ßÓо¼ÃÐÔ£¬Ê¹ÆäÌṩµÄ°üÀ¨ÀͶ¯Á¦ÒªËØÔÚÄÚµÄÎïÁ÷×÷Òµ³É±¾½ÏµÍ¡£¶øºÚÁú½Ê¡×÷Ϊũҵ´óÊ¡£¬Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±×ÊÔ´ÓÅÊƵķ¢»ÓºÜ´ó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÒªÒÀÀµÓÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíµÄˮƽ£¬Ëü½«ÓÅ»¯Õû¸öµÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´£¬Ê¹ÎïÁ÷¸ü¿É¿¿£¬¸ü¼Ó¿ÉÔ¤²â¡£ 4.4 ½¨Á¢Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´Õ½ÂÔºÏ×÷»ï°é¹Øϵ ¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀí±¾ÉíÊÇÓù©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀí˼Ïëʵʩ¶Ô¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷»î¶¯µÄ×éÖ¯¡¢¼Æ»®¡¢Ðµ÷Óë¿ØÖÆ¡£´ÓϵͳµÄ¹Ûµã³ö·¢£¬¸Ä½ø¹©Ó¦Á´ÎïÁ÷µÄ»ù±¾¹¤×÷Á÷³Ì¡£ÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³Ï£¬·¢Õ¹¼¯³É»¯µÄÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀí£¬Í¨¹ý¹©Ó¦Á´¸÷½ÚµãÆóÒµ¼äµÄºÏ×÷ºÍе÷£¬½¨Á¢Õ½ÂÔ»ï°é¹Øϵ£¬½«ÆóÒµÄÚ²¿¼¯³É¹©Ó¦Á´ÓëÆóÒµÍⲿ¼¯³É¹©Ó¦Á´Óлú½áºÏ£¬·¢Õ¹³É¶¯Ì¬µÄ¼¯³É»¯¹©Ó¦Á´ÁªÃË¡£¶¯Ì¬µÄ¼¯³É»¯¹©Ó¦Á´ÁªÃËÓ¦½¨Á¢ÔÚÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Êг¡ÐèÇóÖ®ÉÏ£¬Í¨¹ýʵʱÐÅÏ¢µÄ¹²ÏíʵÏÖ¼¯³É¡£¼ÓÇ¿¹©Ó¦Á´¸÷³ÉÔ±µÄºÏ×÷£¬ÐγÉÀûÒæ¼°·çÏÕ¹²µ£µÄ»úÖÆ¡£ ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º [1] ½¯»ª¶«¡£ ¼Ó¿ì½¨Á¢½¡È«Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÌåϵµÄ˼¿¼[J]. Å©´å¾¼Ã£¬ 2007£¨10£©£º109-110. [2] µËÈôºè£¬µÈ¡£ ÐÂÐÍÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨÌåϵµÄÐͬģʽÑо¿[J]. ϵͳ¹¤³ÌÀíÂÛÓëʵ¼ù£¬2006£¨7£©£º60. [3] ÁּᣬµÈ¡£ Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀíÓëÅ©Òµ²úÒµ»¯¾Óª£ºÀíÂÛÓëʵ¼ù[M]. ±±¾©£ºÅ©Òµ³ö°æÉ磬2006. [4] ËïÑÜÁÖ¡£ ÎÒ¹úÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ·¢Õ¹Ì½ÌÖ[J]. ½ËÕÉÌÂÛ£¬ 2008£¨3£©£º42-43. [5] Ñî·Ã÷£¬µÈ¡£ µç×ÓÉÌÎñ»·¾³ÏµĹ©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀí[M]. ±±¾©£º»úе¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉ磬2006. [6] Íõ·ç¹â¡£ º£ÁÖÊÐ-ÍêÉÆÅ©´åÊг¡Ìåϵ½¨Éè¼Ó¿ì·¢Õ¹Å©²úÆ··¢Æ±Á÷ͨҵ[N].ÏØÓò¾¼Ã±¨£¬2007-12-10£¨5£©¡£ [7] Àî¾üÃñ£¬µÈ¡£ ½è¼ø¹úÍâ³É¹¦¾ÑéÌáÉýÎÒ¹úÅ©²úÆ··¢Æ±¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦[J]. ½ËÕÅ©Òµ¿Æѧ£¬2007£¨2£©£º55.ÔðÈα༣ºÓêê¿ ¡¶Êг¡ÓªÏú¡·¿Î³Ì½Ì·¨Ì½Îö